Adult worm and egg counts were taken, while histological changes in the intestine. Generally none because worm is so small about 40 mm. Education and information about hymenolepiasis, also known as hymenolepis nana infection, biology and life cycle. Pdf albendazole in the treatment of hymenolepiasis in.
Hymenolepis nana, a tiny intestinal tapeworm, is one of the most common human cestodes. The adult structure is 20 to 60 cm long and the mature proglottid is similar to that of h. Hymenolepis infection or infection with the dwarf tapeworm is found worldwide. In temperate areas its incidence is higher in children and institutionalized groups. Immunogenicity and phylogenetic relationship of tapeworm antigens produced by hymenolepis nana and hymenolepis diminuta. The patient presented with a chronic history of vague abdominal pain and. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Hymenolepiasis is the term when a human is infected with either h. The incidence of infection among the children examined by us might have been higher, if the methods specifically designed to detect helminth ova had. Dwarf tapeworm is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is. Alvarezfernandez 1, elvia rodrfguezbataz 1, dylan l. Since the prediction of stiles1 that hymenolepis nana would prove to be a common intestinal parasite in the united states, cases have been reported with increasing frequency, and the indications are that it is the most common tapeworm in many parts of the united states. The dwarf tapeworm was found in man for the first time by bilharz, in cairo, egypt, in 1851.
Hymenolepiasis is infestation by one of two species of tapeworm. This infection does not require an intermediate host and infection can occur directly from one infected person to another by fecaloral transmission. Dwarf tapeworm, only cm long, in intestine of humans. Hymenolepis diminuta, while less frequent, has been reported from various areas of. The infection is more frequently seen in children although adults are also infected. Report of a case bong jin kim, 1 kyung seob song, 2 hyunhee kong, 3 heejae cha, 4 and meesun ock 4 1 department of internal medicine, on hospital, busan 614883, korea. It is the only cestode that does not require an intermediate host to develop into its infective stage. Skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link centers for disease control and prevention. When eggs are ingested by an arthropod intermediate host various species of beetles and fleas may serve as intermediate hosts, they develop into cysticercoids, which can infect humans or rodents upon ingestion and develop into adults in the small intestine. In this study we examined the intestinal mucosa of an adult asymptomatic patient harboring adult and larval dwarf tapeworms hymenolepis nana. Hymenolepis nana is the most common cause of all cestode infections, and is encountered worldwide. Although the dwarf tapeworm infection rarely causes symptoms, it can be misdiagnosed for pinworm infection. Antibody response to tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta in the rat.
Alternative names are dwarf tapeworm infection and rat tapeworm infection. Mixed hymenolepis species infection in two family members. Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection. Infections with it have the same age incidence and geographical distribution as phlyctenular eye disease. Pdf the prevalence of hymenolepis nana among preschool. Heavy hymenolepis nana infection possibly through organic foods. Dwarf tapeworm hymenolepis nana, previously known as vampirolepis nana, hymenolepis fraterna, and taenia nana is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes of humans, especially children. One reason for facultative nature of the lifecycle is that h. Values of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity were recorded, and new morphometric characters were described, adding to previously known information.
Pdf hymenolepis nana human diagnosed through colonoscopy. It is most often seen in children in countries in which sanitation and hygiene are inadequate. The head is subglobular, elongated, possessed of a retractile rostellum surrounded by a single row of hooklets numbering from 22 to 30, and has 4 suckers. Eggs of hymenolepis nana are immediately infective when passed with the stool and cannot survive more than 10 days in the external environment the number. Frequently asked questions about hymenolepiasis, also known as hymenolepis nana infection. Hymenolepis nana is the smallest of all tapeworms found in humans and is appropriately described as the dwarf tapeworm.
Wash your hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before preparing foods. This cestode belongs to a large family known as hymenolepididae. It requires only one host but can also cycle through two. Causal agent, life cycle, and geographic distribution hymenolopis nana lifecycle including diagnostic and infective stages.
Hymenolepis nana is a cestode parasite discovered by bilharz in cairo in 1851. Cacing cestoda pdf the platyhelminth parasite, mesocestoides corti cestoda presents important kelompok cacing cestoda taenia spp. Due to obvious technical limitations, rodents are currently the mainstay for experimental mammalian cestode research. It has a tissue stage responsible for a state of hypersensitivity which is thought to be responsible for the phlyctenules. Selfing appears to increase the frequency of cysticercoid abnormalities. Hymenolepis nana dwarf tapeworm infection infectious. In this article we will discuss about hymenolepis nana.
Cdc hymenolepis resources for health professionals. When traveling in countries where food is likely to be. Pons,8 however, was able to find only eight cases of the infection in 2,500 examinations of stools in cochinchina. Hymenolepis spp are wellestablished models in cestode research, specifically, the rat tapeworm h diminuta. Ingestion of food contaminated with feces human or rodent. Niclosamide as a treatment for hymenolepis diminuta and dipylidium caninum infection in man. Pdf differential diagnosis and molecular characterization of. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 700k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page.
The authors cite some ear lier cases as examples of proliferating. To our knowledge, there are no studies that have analyzed the immune response in humans against h nana. In 1906, stiles identified an identical parasite with a rodent host and named it hymenolepis fraterna. Hymenolepis nana, the dwarf tapeworm, is the smallest tapeworm to infect humans. Changes in surface antigens of hymenolepis nana during differentiation and maturation in mice volume 61 issue 2 a.
The prevalence of hymenolepis nana in schoolchildren in a bicul. Some weakness, headache, anorexia, and abdominal pain may occur. Later, morphological characteristics were used for taxonomy identification and h. Phlyctenular eye disease in association with hymenolepis. Hymenolepis nana is among the most common intestinal parasitic infections causing a public health threat in poor. It is small and measures up to 2540 mm in length by one mm in diameter. The effects of selfing on hymenolepis nana were investigated by establishing single infections in mice, thus ensuring selffertilization. Hymenolepis diminuta, also known as rat tapeworm, is a species of hymenolepis tapeworm that causes hymenolepiasis. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. It occurs worldwide, but in temperate climates, children and people living in institutions are more likely. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 924k.
Heavy hymenolepis nana infection possibly through organic. In this study, hymenolepis nana antigen hna in combination with moe was used in immunization against h. Hymenolepiasis is the most common intestinal tapeworm infection of humans caused by worm of family cestoda, genus hymenolepis and species nana. Himenolepiasis parasitologia humana accessmedicina. Thymus dependency of induced immune responses against. Diplacanthus manus, hymenolepis nana, hymenolepis murina. The family hymenolepididae has only two species which infects humans. Eggs of hymenolepis nana are immediately infective when passed with the stool and cannot survive more than 10 days in the external environment. The potential therapeutic value of moringa oleifera extract moe, due to its antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, has been reported previously. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. It has slightly bigger eggs and proglottids than h. The outer surface of the oncosphere is covered by an epithelial layer, termed the embryonic epithelium. Trichuris trichiura, hymenolepis nana and taenia saginata ranged from 1.
Eggs hatch in the duodenum, releasing oncospheres, which penetrate the mucosa and come to lie in lymph channels of the villi. When eggs are ingested by an arthropod intermediate host various species of beetles and fleas may serve as intermediate hosts, they develop into cysticercoids, which can infect humans or rodents upon ingestion and. Hymenolepis diminuta and rodentolepis nana were found in r. Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a human. Our study supports the view that colonoscopy, with careful examination of. Romero cabello r, guerrero lr, munoz garcia m, geyne cruz a. Modulation of murine intestinal immunity by moringa. Nitazoxanide for the treatment of intestinal protozoan and helminthic infections in mexico. Effects of continued selfing on hymenolepis nano cestoda. He recovered a countless number of them at a postmortem on a boy who had died of meningitis.
Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a human host to the editor. When passed in the stool, the eggs are infective and are ingested by beetles or flies, which serve as intermediary hosts. Join our community just now to flow with the file hymenolepis nana and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. The proportion of eggs developing into cysticercoids in tribolium confusum appears to decrease with continued selfing. Hymenolepis nana is variously given by observers as from 2.
Diagram showing the life cycle of the dwarf tapeworm hymenolepis nana, the cause of hymenolepiasis. Hymenolepis nana human diagnosed through colonoscopy. Hymenolepis diminuta, while less frequent, has been reported from various areas of the world. Changes in surface antigens of hymenolepis nana during. The fine structure of the oncosphere of hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, together with light microscope observations of jb4 embedded material. The disease is a type of helminthiasis which is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Abdominal symptoms including diarrhoea and pain may occur in children. Hymenolepis nana lifecycle infection is acquired most commonly from eggs in the feces of another infected individual, which are transferred in food, by contamination. The cestode, hymenolepis nana, also called the dwarf tapeworm, causes hymenolepiasis, which is usually asymptomatic.
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